What is cbd oil made of
Cannabidiol CBD has been recently covered in the media, and you may have even seen it as an add-in booster to your post-workout smoothie or morning coffee. What exactly is CBD? Why is it suddenly so popular? CBD stands for cannabidiol. It is the second most prevalent of the active ingredients of cannabis marijuana. While CBD is an essential component of medical marijuana , it is derived directly from the hemp plant, which is a cousin of the marijuana plant.
How is CBD Oil Made? - A Beginners Guide to Hemp Extraction
Cannabidiol CBD is one of many naturally occurring cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. Marijuana often contains high amounts of THC, the high inducing compound in cannabis. Hemp, on the other hand, can only contain a trace amount. While there is a growing market for smoked hemp flower, the most common way to consume the beneficial phytocompounds is via tinctures or capsules.
In order to be consumed in this manner, the naturally occurring compounds in the plant must be extracted into an oil. This oil is then used as the primary ingredient in these and many more consumable and topical products. The method of extraction and processing of a hemp extract can have a big impact on the contents, quality, and purity of a given product. In this article, we cover the various methods of extraction used to create CBD oil from hemp.
Keep reading to discover what goes into the creation of a CBD product and what types of extraction and processing are preferred. Thanks to the Farm Bill , hemp has finally been given a definition separate from marijuana. This definition lifts hemp out of the controlled substances act, making the plant and its extracts legal. The definition of hemp is cannabis containing 0.
This legal status and the high-CBD content of many strains have led to hemp being the primary source of CBD oil extraction for products sold to the public. It is possible to find high-CBD products extracted from marijuana, but they are also often high in THC and thus today must be sold as a marijuana product through appropriate channels.
These products are outside the scope of this article, and any CBD product you find freely available for sale online and in retail stores will be hemp-derived. This legal approval has spawned an increasingly large number of growers and extractors who seek to produce the highest quality hemp possible.
Today you'll find a wealth of clean, quality products sourced from organically grown, non-GMO, domestic hemp plants. As we discussed in the intro, the hemp plant first needs to undergo an extraction process to create a crude extract. This is the first step in transforming these valuable plant compounds into one of the many CBD products available on the market today.
The general idea of hemp extraction is that a solvent is passed through plant material in order to separate out the active compounds in the bulk plant materials. The resulting cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant compounds like chlorophyll are then collected as oil and further processed before making their way into an end product.
Each method carries limitations and benefits which we cover below:. CO 2 extraction is widely considered to be a fantastic method used to create CBD-rich extracts. This extraction method puts carbon dioxide under high pressure while maintaining a low temperature. The resulting extract a highly concentrated, totally pure oil extract. This process requires expensive equipment and experienced operators. Because of this, the resulting oil is often higher priced for the end consumer but enables the highest quality products to be produced.
When compared to CO 2 extraction, ethanol extraction is a lower-cost method, but still used by many companies on the market today.
Despite the lower cost, this extraction method can still be used to create high-quality extracts though it may require more expertise and post-extraction processing. This extraction method utilizes an alcohol solvent - most commonly ethanol. It is commonly used as a food preservative and additive found in many products at the grocery store. Ethanol is a polar solvent which means it will mix with water and dissolve water-soluble molecules in addition to the desired cannabis compounds.
Chlorophyll is one of the compounds that ethanol will co-extract along with the cannabinoid filled oil. The result is a dark-colored oil with a bitter and grassy flavor.
The chlorophyll can be removed from the oil using post-extraction filtering methods, but the process can also remove some of the cannabinoids resulting in a lower quality CBD oil product.
Some ethanol extractors cite that the water-soluble component extraction can be mitigated by using cold extraction temperatures. Assuming an experienced operator, the result of this extraction method can be very favorable, even comparable to CO 2 extraction in quality. That being said, with a less experienced extractor, there is more room for error and possibility for solvent contamination or lower quality end product.
This early extraction method was created using a light hydrocarbon solvent like to extract cannabis oil. These hydrocarbons have a low boiling point and can be easily used to extract CBD oil. This cheap and easy method of extraction comes with a variety of issues that make it non-ideal. The resulting oil usually contains a lower concentration of terpenes and cannabinoids like CBD and a higher concentration of THC.
There is also unsafe residue that can remain that may interfere with immune function. This extraction method proved to be both dangerous and inefficient and is thus rarely used by commercial CBD companies today.
One of the lesser-used extraction methods is called lipid extraction. Often organic coconut oil is used in this extraction process. Lipid extraction does not require the use of any harsh solvents or CO2. It is not a popular method of extraction, though you may find some boutique companies using it. After a crude CBD extract is created, there are some additional, optional steps that are performed to get the product ready for consumption.
An optional process called winterization which works to further purify the extract and remove the unwanted components. This process is essential for almost all crude extracts unless the extract was created using low-temp ethanol extraction.
The process of winterizing consists of completely mixing the CBD extract in proof alcohol and freezing it overnight. In the morning the cloudy mixture is ready for filtration. This process is done by running it through a paper filter into an extraction jar. The alcohol is removed from the filtered end product through warming until it evaporates.
This is made possible because the alcohol has a lower boiling point than the oil. The naturally occurring cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant come in an acid form including:. These 'raw' cannabinoids must be activated in order to produce the desired molecules. When a low-temperature method like supercritical CO2 extraction is used, the original acid forms of the cannabinoids may be produced.
In order to activate these cannabinoids and removed the acid molecule, the CBD extract undergoes a process called decarboxylation.
Though it sounds fancy, decarboxylation is simply the heating of an extract. Through this heating process, the acid molecule is removed and the active compound is produced. This process can be performed either before or after extraction. Learn more about decarboxylation in our article on the subject.
Despite being less popular, the 'raw' molecules are showing promise as they interact with the body differently than the 'activated' or non-acid forms of these same substances.
Limited research and anecdotal user experiences point to these raw cannabinoid forms providing some unique therapeutic benefits. This is driving some companies to include the acid forms of these cannabinoids in addition to the activated non-acid forms. With that being said, unless specifically outlined as a 'raw' product, all CBD products on the market have been decarboxylated to activate the compounds.
The crude extraction and processing up to this point will create a usable extract containing a full profile of terpenes and cannabinoids. This extract is ready to be used in the creation of end products for consumers, but often there are additional processing steps performed. Using processes like distillation and chromatography , individual or groups of compounds are either isolated or removed from the extract.
Examples include CBD isolation via distillation which we cover below or THC removal via liquid chromatography to create a broad-spectrum extract. Today you'll commonly find single-molecule CBD isolates. All other cannabinoids, terpenes, plant materials, oil, and chlorophyll is removed in the creation of this powder. All that is left is naturally sourced CBD crystals that carry no odor or flavor.
Chemists use short path distillation or chromatography isolate the individual compounds in the material - in this case, cannabidiol. You should understand that while isolate is versatile, products based on this type of extract are not as effective as an oil containing a full or broad-spectrum cannabinoid profile. The single-cannabinoid profile is less effective due to the lack of cannabinoid and terpene synergies known as the entourage effect.
Here at Big Sky Botanicals, we produce a broad-spectrum product line that contains a full-spectrum profile of cannabinoids and terpenes with only the THC removed. We outline in detail how our products are made showing the extraction and processing methods we use to craft the high-quality extracts used in our products.
Unlock an increasing lifetime discount with the Charter Buyer Club. Learn More. After making a CBD extraction using the female plant, is there further extraction one can do to isolate other compounds such as THC or would the remainder of the material just get tossed out?
Further processing is common. After CBD oil is extracted from the Hemp plant, is the remaining hemp plant still viable for any other uses? Can the fiber still be separated from the stalk or would this process need to be performed prior to extraction? Thank you. Hemp grown for CBD extraction will be different from hemp grown for it's fiber. Hemp grown for extraction will be bred to contain cannabinoid and terpene-rich flowering tops of the plants. This is the portion of the plant used in extraction for CBD oil, not the stalks.
The stalks are not good sources of these compounds which means that ideally a minimal amount of fibrous stalk material should be present at extraction. With that said, removing the stalks prior to extraction would create a higher quality extract. Do you know if it is possible to find an isolated CBD coming out just from hemp seeds and not from flowers?
Sincerely: Prof. Cannabidiol is primarily found in the flowering tops of the hemp plant. The seeds are not a source of the compound. Extraction from the seeds would result in hemp oil, not CBD-rich hemp extract. Your email address will not be published. Subscribe to receive our one-page guide which empowers you to identify effective, fairly priced CBD products.
Hemp-derived CBD oil usually contains high concentrations of CBD, but its THC content doesn't exceed the legal % limit. While marijuana-derived oil is. "Two people may eat a brownie [made with cannabis oil] and one may absorb massive amounts of cannabinoids and the other may not," Ward.
CBD Cannabidiol is a compound that has shown promise in a variety of medical applications, like relief from pain and anxiety which are most common, along with many other ailments. Below you will find a step by step outline of how cbd oil is made. There are many ways to extract the oil from the plant and make cbd oil. Apeks CO 2 extraction systems use CO 2 as a solvent to extract the oil. The solvent is considered a cleaner, purer form of extraction because there is no residue after extraction.
By Jeffrey Stamberger. Cannabidiol is just one of over 85 cannabinoids presently identified in the cannabis plant.
Cannabidiol CBD is a phytocannabinoid discovered in Cannabidiol can be taken into the body in multiple ways, including by inhalation of cannabis smoke or vapor , as an aerosol spray into the cheek , and by mouth. It may be supplied as CBD oil containing only CBD as the active ingredient no included tetrahydrocannabinol THC or terpenes , a full-plant CBD-dominant hemp extract oil, capsules, dried cannabis, or as a prescription liquid solution.
CBD and CBD Oil: What Is It and Does It Really Work?
As more and more U. CBD refers to cannabidiol , a non-intoxicating extract from cannabis that does not have the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol THC. The bottled oil, called a tincture, is sold in various concentrations. Depending on where you live, some brands contain trace amounts of THC. CBD oil is believed by some to treat pain, reduce anxiety, and stimulate appetite in the same way that marijuana does. CBD has also shown promise in treating certain types of seizures.
The Health Benefits of CBD Oil
With marijuana usage rising as more U. Officially, marijuana is deemed as Schedule I herbal substance by the U. Drug Enforcement Administration, meaning the drug offers "no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse," according to the federal government. That categorization was adjusted after the passage of the Farm Bill, which included a provision that separated hemp from marijuana, as noted in the Controlled Subject Act. Millions of users and a growing number of health specialists disagree with any negative tone, noting that marijuana Cannabis has health-improving components that deserve a closer look by the medical community. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse , "marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. The plant contains the mind-altering chemical deltatetrahydrocannabinol THC and other related compounds. Extracts can also be made from the cannabis plant. Each is used and sold as natural health remedies and, even as they share certain characteristics, they have some important differences, too. Let's take a closer look at hemp oil and CBD oil and see how they compare - and how they differ.
People are drinking it in tea, swallowing it in capsules and putting it by the dropperful under their tongues.
Cannabidiol CBD is one of many naturally occurring cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. Marijuana often contains high amounts of THC, the high inducing compound in cannabis. Hemp, on the other hand, can only contain a trace amount.
What is CBD Oil?
The popularity of medical marijuana is soaring, and among the numerous products consumers are seeking are CBD , or cannabis oils. A wealth of marketing material, blogs and anecdotes claim that CBD oils can cure whatever ails you, even cancer. But the limited research doesn't suggest that cannabis oil should take the place of conventional medication, except for in two very rare forms of epilepsy and even then, it's recommended only as a last-resort treatment. And, experts caution that because CBD oil and other cannabis-based products are not regulated or tested for safety by the government or any third-party agency, it's difficult for consumers to know exactly what they're getting. Simply put, cannabis oil is the concentrated liquid extract of the marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa. Similar to other herbal extracts, the chemicals in cannabis oils vary depending on how the extract is made and what chemicals were in the plant to begin with. Cannabis plants produce thousands of compounds but the most well recognized belong to a class called cannabinoids. There are several cannabinoids but the two that are most well-known among consumers are THC tetrahydrocannabinol and CBD cannabidiol. THC is the primary psychoactive compound in marijuana and it is what people are searching for when they want a product that gives them a "high. Marijuana Could Treat These 5 Conditions ]. That's likely one of the reasons why CBD products, including CBD oil, are becoming more socially acceptable and increasingly popular. The physiological effects of cannabinoids can vary widely from person to person, and also depend on how they're consumed.
Cannabidiol
Certain types of CBD oil are already legally available in the UK — such as those made from hemp — whereas other types are very much illegal in the UK — though are available to buy in other countries. CBD oil extracted from hemp is often marketed as a food supplement to promote well-being — similar to other herbals like Echinacea — and boost the immune system. Billy had flown with his mother to Canada to buy the CBD oil — which helps to keep his daily epileptic seizures at bay. But his oil was confiscated because it was made from cannabis flowers and leaves, and so was classed as illegal in the UK, pushing childhood epilepsy and CBD oil into the spotlight. So far, so confusing, but part of the problem is that terms like cannabis and hemp are often used interchangeably — which masks the nuances and complexities of the cannabis plant. Cannabis sativa L, the scientific name of the cannabis plant, is cultivated to produce two distinctive products — industrial hemp, and cannabis. The main difference between hemp and cannabis is based on two criteria. First, the levels of cannabinoids — a family of chemical compounds, the cannabis plant naturally produces — and second, the end use.
