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This test measures the amount of C3 proteins in your blood. These proteins are part of your complement system, an important part of your immune system that helps kill disease-causing bacteria and viruses. Complement component C3 is the most important and abundant protein in the complement system. It is placed on microbes to destroy them.
C4 complement assay
When you have recurrent microbial usually bacterial infections, unexplained inflammation or edema , or symptoms related to an autoimmune disorder; periodically to help monitor a known acute or chronic condition that affects the complement system. You may be able to find your test results on your laboratory's website or patient portal.
However, you are currently at Lab Tests Online. You may have been directed here by your lab's website in order to provide you with background information about the test s you had performed. Lab Tests Online is an award-winning patient education website offering information on laboratory tests.
The reference ranges for your tests can be found on your laboratory report. They are typically found to the right of your results. If you do not have your lab report, consult your healthcare provider or the laboratory that performed the test s to obtain the reference range. Laboratory test results are not meaningful by themselves. Their meaning comes from comparison to reference ranges. Reference ranges are the values expected for a healthy person.
They are sometimes called "normal" values. By comparing your test results with reference values, you and your healthcare provider can see if any of your test results fall outside the range of expected values. Values that are outside expected ranges can provide clues to help identify possible conditions or diseases. While accuracy of laboratory testing has significantly evolved over the past few decades, some lab-to-lab variability can occur due to differences in testing equipment, chemical reagents, and techniques.
This is a reason why so few reference ranges are provided on this site. It is important to know that you must use the range supplied by the laboratory that performed your test to evaluate whether your results are "within normal limits. Complement tests measure the amount or activity of complement proteins in the blood.
So, the complement system is also activated when the body makes antibodies, whether against itself or foreign invaders. The body makes antibodies against its own tissues that it thinks are foreign autoantibodies in various autoimmune diseases. The complement system is part of the body's innate immune system. Unlike the acquired immune system, which produces antibodies that target and protect against specific threats, the innate immune system is non-specific and can quickly respond to foreign substances.
It does not require previous exposure to an invading microbe or offending substance and does not maintain a memory of previous encounters. There are nine primary complement proteins that are designated C1 through C9. These components, in addition to the remaining proteins, work together in a cascade-like approach by activating, amplifying, breaking apart, and forming protein complexes that respond to infections, "non-self" tissues e. The complement cascade consists of 3 separate pathways that may be activated to converge in a final common pathway.
The pathways include the "classical pathway" including components C1qrs, C2, C4 , the "alternative pathway" including components C3, factor B, properdin , and the "lectin pathway" a. The end result of all three activation pathways is the same — the formation of the membrane attack complex MAC.
Complement activation causes several things to happen "complement cascade" :. Complement tests measure the amount or the function activity of complement proteins in the blood. Complement components may be measured individually or together to determine whether the system is functioning normally.
C3 and C4 are the most frequently measured complement proteins. Total complement activity can be measured if a healthcare practitioner suspects a deficiency that is not measured by C3 or C4.
The CH50 functional test measures the function of the complete classical complement pathway, mediated by components C1 — C9. If this measurement is outside the normal range, then each of the nine different complement levels can be measured individually to look for hereditary or acquired deficiencies.
Complement tests, most commonly C3 and C4, are used to determine whether deficiencies or abnormalities in the complement system are causing, or contributing to, a person's disease or condition. Total complement activity CH50 may be ordered to look at the integrity of the entire classical complement pathway.
Other complement components are ordered as needed to look for deficiencies. Complement testing may be ordered when a person has unexplained inflammation or edema or symptoms of an autoimmune disorder such as lupus.
It may also be ordered when a healthcare practitioner suspects that someone may have an immune complex-related condition and wants to check the status of the person's complement system. Individual complement components may be ordered when the total complement activity CH50, sometimes called CH is abnormal to help determine which of the components are deficient or abnormal.
C3 and C4 levels are the most frequently ordered, but others, such as C1 inhibitor, may be ordered when other deficiencies are suspected. C3 and C4 are often ordered together as the relative levels are often important. When an acute or chronic condition has been diagnosed, complement testing may be used to help give a rough idea of the severity of the condition with the assumption that the severity is linked to the decrease in complement levels. Complement testing may also be ordered occasionally when a healthcare practitioner wants to monitor the current activity of a condition.
Hereditary deficiency in one of the complement proteins will usually lead to a high frequency of recurrent microbial infections. Decreased complement levels also are associated with an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease. If the deficiency is due to an underlying acute or chronic condition, complement levels will usually return to normal if the underlying condition can be resolved. Complement protein levels are usually increased, along with other unrelated proteins called acute phase reactants , during acute or chronic inflammation.
These all usually return to normal when the underlying condition is resolved. However, complement proteins are rarely measured in these conditions, compared to the widely ordered C-reactive protein CRP , and the relevance of their measurement in these situations is not reviewed here.
Increased and decreased complement levels will not tell a healthcare practitioner what is wrong with a patient, but they can give an indication that the immune system is involved with a condition. January 29, V. Complement and its receptors: new insights into human disease. October 17, B. March 26, R. Complement Deficiencies. August 17, J. Thomas, Clayton L. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Pagana, Kathleen D.
Biology of the Immune System. Immune Disorders, Chapter [On-line information]. The Complement System. Kovacs, B. C4 level. Complement component 3 C3. How Does the Immune System Work?
Complement Activity Enzyme Immunoassay, Total. Complement Component 2. Complement Component 3. Complement Component 4. Complement Component 5. Complement Factor B. Pp Peng, S. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Liszewski, M. K, et. Innate Immunity: The Complement System.
Complement Disorders - Complement Activity. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; McPherson R, Pincus, M, eds. Saunders Elsevier: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill: Borigini, M. Updated February 3. Accessed September Unit Code Complement C3, Serum. Delgado, J. Updated June. Complement Deficiency.
Chaganti, R. Updated July 9. Delves, P. Revised September. Complement System. Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals [On-line information].
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When you have recurrent microbial usually bacterial infections, unexplained inflammation or edema , or symptoms related to an autoimmune disorder; periodically to help monitor a known acute or chronic condition that affects the complement system. You may be able to find your test results on your laboratory's website or patient portal. However, you are currently at Lab Tests Online. You may have been directed here by your lab's website in order to provide you with background information about the test s you had performed. Lab Tests Online is an award-winning patient education website offering information on laboratory tests. The reference ranges for your tests can be found on your laboratory report. They are typically found to the right of your results. If you do not have your lab report, consult your healthcare provider or the laboratory that performed the test s to obtain the reference range. Laboratory test results are not meaningful by themselves. Their meaning comes from comparison to reference ranges.
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A CD4 count is a test that measures the number of CD4 cells in your blood. CD4 cells, also known as T cells, are white blood cells that fight infection and play an important role in your immune system.
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